Routine Urine Analysis

Description

About Urine R/M Test

The Urine Routine and Microscopy (R/M) Test is a diagnostic test that analyzes the physical, chemical, and ... microscopic properties of urine. It helps detect infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, and other health conditions. The test examines urine color, clarity, pH, protein levels, glucose, ketones, and the presence of bacteria, crystals, or cells under a microscope.

Preparations Before Urine R/M Test

To ensure accurate results, follow these preparation steps:

• Collect a clean sample: Use a sterile container provided by the lab.
• Morning sample is preferred: First-morning urine is more concentrated and provides better results.
• Avoid certain foods and medications: Beets, carrots, and vitamin C supplements may affect urine color. Some medications can also impact results, so inform your doctor.
• Hydration matters: Drink enough water, but avoid excessive fluid intake right before the test.

What to Expect During the Procedure

• You will be given a sterile container to collect a urine sample.
• The midstream urine method is preferred—urinate a little first, then collect the sample.
• The sample is then sent to the laboratory for physical, chemical, and microscopic examination.
• No pain or discomfort is involved in this non-invasive test.

Why Doctors Recommend Urine R/M Test

Doctors suggest this test for several reasons, including:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs): To check for bacteria, pus cells, or nitrites.
• Kidney disease detection: Protein, blood, or casts in urine may indicate kidney problems.
• Diabetes screening: Presence of glucose or ketones may signal diabetes.
• Liver disorders: Bilirubin in urine suggests possible liver disease.
• Dehydration and metabolic conditions: Urine concentration and composition reveal hydration levels and metabolic disorders.

Understanding the Test Results

Urine R/M Test results include:

• Physical properties: Color (yellow, dark, red), clarity (clear, cloudy), odor.
• Chemical analysis:
  • pH: Normal range is 4.5 to 8.0.
  • Protein: Normally absent; high levels indicate kidney issues.
  • Glucose: Should be absent; presence suggests diabetes.
  • Ketones: High levels may indicate diabetes or starvation.
  • Bilirubin: Abnormal presence may signal liver disease.
• Microscopic examination:
  • Red blood cells (RBCs): None or very few; higher levels may suggest infections, kidney stones, or bleeding.
  • White blood cells (WBCs): Normally absent; presence indicates infections.
  • Bacteria, yeast, or parasites: Suggests infections.
  • Crystals: May indicate kidney stones.

Urine R/M Test Results During Special Conditions

• Pregnancy: Increased protein or glucose levels may suggest gestational diabetes or preeclampsia.
• UTIs: Presence of nitrites, bacteria, and pus cells confirm infections.
• Kidney disease: Persistent proteinuria, casts, or abnormal pH levels indicate kidney problems.
• Liver disorders: Bilirubin and urobilinogen levels are tested for liver function assessment.
• Dehydration or overhydration: Urine color and specific gravity help determine hydration levels.